Characterization of the proximity to urban areas of the global energy potential of solar and wind energies

Abstract This study estimates the global energy potential of solar photovoltaics and onshore wind power characterizes it with respect to proximity urban areas. Solar are centerpieces a decarbonized system, that different other resources disperse widely available across world. Therefore, characterizing how close or far these can improve estimation their availability. The analysis is based on model using geo-referenced data parameters related resources, technologies land features. Results showed (409 PWh yr −1 ) (354 energies concentrates in vicinity areas, demonstrating value areas for covering current electricity needs. For example, consumption be covered high-grade (capacity factor >24%) within 30 km away from middle-grade >20%) 20 Thus, suggests constraining use due social acceptability concerns, may significantly impact deployment high mid-quality resources. starting point evaluate effect restrictions costs availability renewable penetration long-term decarbonization scenarios.